第 1 章 摄像基础知识 .......................................................................015
1.1 摄像技术概述 .................................................................................................015
1.1.1 摄像技术的发展历程 .........................................................................015
1.1.2 摄像工作的要求与特点 .....................................................................017
1.1.3 摄像技术的应用领域 .........................................................................019
1.2 摄像机的类别 .................................................................................................021
1.2.1 广播级摄像机 .....................................................................................021
1.2.2 业务级摄像机 .....................................................................................022
1.2.3 家用级摄像机 .....................................................................................022
1.3 摄像机的部件 .................................................................................................023
1.3.1 镜头 .....................................................................................................023
1.3.2 机身 .....................................................................................................027
1.3.3 寻像器 .................................................................................................028
1.3.4 取景器 .................................................................................................028
1.3.5 话筒 .....................................................................................................029
1.3.6 三脚架 .................................................................................................030
1.3.7 电源 .....................................................................................................031
第 2 章 摄像机的基本操作 ................................................................032
2.1 摄像机的持机方式 .........................................................................................032
2.1.1 肩扛式 .................................................................................................032
2.1.2 手持式 .................................................................................................034
2.1.3 掌托式 .................................................................................................035
2.1.4 下蹲式 .................................................................................................035
2.1.5 托举式 .................................................................................................036
2.1.6 抱持式 .................................................................................................036
2.1.7 依托式 .................................................................................................037
2.1.8 使用三脚架 .........................................................................................037
2.1.9 使用摇臂与轨道 .................................................................................038
2.2 如何使用摄像机 .............................................................................................039
2.2.1 拍摄前的准备 .....................................................................................039
2.2.2 摄像机的基本操作流程 .....................................................................041
2.2.3 摄像机的维护与保养 .........................................................................042
第3 章 摄像技巧 ...............................................................................044
3.1 曝光控制技巧 .................................................................................................044
3.1.1 正确曝光 .............................................................................................044
3.1.2 曝光组合 .............................................................................................045
3.1.3 自动曝光 .............................................................................................046
3.1.4 设定光圈值 .........................................................................................048
3.2 摄像机拍摄模式 .............................................................................................049
3.2.1 常见拍摄模式 .....................................................................................049
3.2.2 特殊拍摄模式 .....................................................................................051
3.2.3 智能拍摄模式 .....................................................................................054
3.3 摄像机的对焦 .................................................................................................056
3.3.1 自动对焦 .............................................................................................057
3.3.2 手动对焦 .............................................................................................057
3.3.3 手动跟焦 .............................................................................................057
3.4 摄像机的变焦 .................................................................................................058
3.4.1 自动变焦 .............................................................................................058
3.4.2 手动变焦 .............................................................................................059
3.4.3 变焦速度选择 .....................................................................................059
3.4.4 变焦操作须知 .....................................................................................059
3.5 调整白平衡 .....................................................................................................060
3.5.1 白平衡的匹配 .....................................................................................060
3.5.2 自动调整白平衡 .................................................................................061
3.5.3 手动调整白平衡 .................................................................................061
3.5.4 预设白平衡 .........................................................................................062
3.6 景深控制与虚实效果 .....................................................................................062
3.6.1 利用光圈控制景深 .............................................................................063
3.6.2 利用焦距控制景深 .............................................................................063
3.7 摄像机的操作要领 .........................................................................................064
3.7.1 起幅与落幅 .........................................................................................064
3.7.2 操作要领 .............................................................................................064
第4 章 摄像的构图 ...........................................................................067
4.1 摄像构图基本元素 .........................................................................................067
4.1.1 摄像构图的特点 .................................................................................067
4.1.2 画面景别安排 ....................................................................................070
4.2 拍摄视角 .........................................................................................................074
4.2.1 拍摄方向 ............................................................................................075
4.2.2 拍摄角度 .............................................................................................079
4.3 画面的主次分配 ............................................................................................083
4.3.1 主体 ....................................................................................................083
4.3.2 陪体 .....................................................................................................085
4.3.3 环境 .....................................................................................................087
4.4 构图的总体要求 .............................................................................................089
4.4.1 对比 .....................................................................................................089
4.4.2 均衡 .....................................................................................................090
4.4.3 多样统一 .............................................................................................091
4.5 电视作品画面构图的形态 .............................................................................093
4.5.1 静态构图 .............................................................................................093
4.5.2 动态构图 .............................................................................................094
4.5.3 综合构图 .............................................................................................094
4.5.4 封闭式构图与开放式构图 .................................................................095
4.5.5 封闭式构图与开放式构图结合 .........................................................097
第5 章 固定画面与运动摄像 .............................................................098
5.1 固定画面的概念及特点 .................................................................................098
5.1.1 固定画面的概念 .................................................................................098
5.1.2 固定画面的特点 .................................................................................099
5.2 固定画面的拍摄要求 .................................................................................100
5.2.1 注意捕捉活跃因素 .............................................................................101
5.2.2 纵深方向上的调度和表现 .................................................................102
5.2.3 固定画面的拍摄与组接 .....................................................................103
5.2.4 固定画面构图的艺术性和可视性 .....................................................104
5.2.5 “稳”字当头 .....................................................................................105
5.3 固定画面的局限与不足 .................................................................................106
5.4 运动摄像的概念 .........................................................................................106
5.5 运动摄像的种类和特点 ................................................................................107
5.5.1 推镜头 ................................................................................................107
5.5.2 拉镜头 ................................................................................................108
5.5.3 摇镜头 ................................................................................................109
5.5.4 移镜头 ................................................................................................ 111
5.5.5 升降镜头 ............................................................................................112
5.5.6 跟镜头 .................................................................................................114
第6 章 摄像用光 ...............................................................................117
6.1 摄像用光的作用 .............................................................................................117
6.2 光的类型与特点 .........................................................................................119
6.2.1 自然光的特点 .....................................................................................120
6.2.2 人工光的特点 ....................................................................................121
6.2.3 光的软硬 .............................................................................................122
6.2.4 光线的冷暖 .........................................................................................124
6.3 布光技法 .....................................................................................................125
6.3.1 大场面布光技法 .............................................................................125
6.3.2 小场面布光技法 .................................................................................126
6.3.3 静态布光技法 .....................................................................................126
6.3.4 群体布光技法 .....................................................................................128
6.3.5 动态布光技法 .................................................................................129
6.4 光与画面的影调、色调、硬软调 .................................................................131
6.4.1 影调 .....................................................................................................131
6.4.2 色调 .....................................................................................................134
6.4.3 硬调和软调 .........................................................................................136
6.5 光的变化 .........................................................................................................138
6.5.1 光的方向 .............................................................................................138
6.5.2 光的高度 .............................................................................................141
第7 章 摄像场面调度和基本规律 .....................................................143
7.1 摄像场面调度的概念 .....................................................................................143
7.2 摄像场面调度的作用与特点 .....................................................................144
7.2.1 场面调度的作用 .................................................................................144
7.2.2 场面调度的特点 .............................................................................146
7.3 轴线及其规律的应用 .....................................................................................148
7.3.1 轴线规律 .........................................................................................148
7.3.2 轴线的3 种类型 .................................................................................150
7.3.3 避免越轴的方法 .................................................................................153
7.4 三角形机位的布局方法 .................................................................................153
7.4.1 三角形原则 .........................................................................................153
7.4.2 三角形布局的3 种形式 .....................................................................154
第8 章 编导基础与分镜头 ................................................................160
8.1 编导基础 .........................................................................................................160
8.1.1 编导任务 .............................................................................................160
8.1.2 采用蒙太奇思维 .................................................................................163
8.1.3 综合运用视听语言 .............................................................................167
8.2 分镜头 .............................................................................................................169
8.2.1 分镜头的重要性 .................................................................................169
8.2.2 分镜头的准备 .....................................................................................170
8.2.3 分镜头的编写原则 .............................................................................171
第9 章 无人机航拍 ...........................................................................172
9.1 航拍的起源 .....................................................................................................172
9.2 航拍前的准备 .................................................................................................174
9.2.1 检查设备 .............................................................................................174
9.2.2 寻找合适的拍摄地点 .........................................................................175
9.3 航拍技巧 .........................................................................................................176
9.3.1 拍摄时间的选择 .................................................................................176
9.3.2 飞行的控制 .....................................................................................176
9.3.3 航拍镜头的运动方式 .........................................................................177
9.3.4 航拍镜头的组接 .................................................................................182
9.4 航拍的应用领域 .............................................................................................183
第 10 章 用手机进行摄像 ..................................................................187
10.1 前期准备 .......................................................................................................187
10.1.1 选购合适的配件 ...............................................................................188
10.1.2 减少抖动 ...........................................................................................189
10.1.3 调整画质 ...........................................................................................190
10.2 手机摄像的构图技巧 ...................................................................................191
10.2.1 横幅或竖幅拍摄 ...............................................................................191
10.2.2 使用网格功能 ...................................................................................191
10.2.3 切换场景和角度 ...............................................................................192
10.3 光线、曝光和聚焦 .......................................................................................193
10.4 视频剪辑技巧 ...............................................................................................194
